Army | On American Soil

More than ten million American men and women served in the armed forces during World War II. The ratio of blacks to whites serving in the U.S. Army was approximately the same as the ration of blacks to whites in the population at large, thanks in large part to the selective service system's policy of conducting two separate military drafts, one for whites and one for nonwhites. Nonwhites were disproportionately assigned to noncombat positions.

All-black companies were typically supervised by African American noncommissioned officers under the command of white officers. As the war dragged on and manpower became scarce, nonwhites were offered greater opportunities, including leadership positions. The military was finally desegregated in 1948, and the modern U.S. Army is frequently cited as one of the most progressive American institutions on issues of race.

THE PENTAGON

COURTESY: CYBELE LANE	Brigadier General ELLIOT DUNCAN COOKE Office of the Inspector General \| Chief of Overseas Inspection Division born August 15, 1891, Staten Island, New York died February 18, 1961, San Antonio, Texas Among the most intriguing Army leaders of the twentieth century, "Cookie" spent part of his youth as a mercenary. At the outset of World War I, he enlisted in the Army, becoming highly decorated during the campaign in France. Cooke was a close contemporary of the military giants of his era, including George S. Patton, George C. Marshall and Omar Bradley. In September, 1944, Cooke led the investigation into allegations gross negligence on the part of Fort Lawton's commanders before, during and after the August 14 riot and lynching. After the war, he pursued high-profile investigations into corruption and black market profiteering among Army officers during the post-war occupation and reconstruction of Europe. Cooke was buried with full military honors at Fort Sam Houston in Texas.

	HENRY L. STIMSON Secretary of War General of the Army GEORGE C. MARSHALL Chief of Staff Major General VIRGIL L. PETERSON Inspector General Major General MYRON C. CRAMER Judge Advocate General Major General JAMES A ULIO Adjutant General Brigadier General ARCHER L. LERCH Provost Marshal General Major General MERVIN E. GROSS Chief, Transportation Corps

SEATTLE PORT OF EMBARKATION

NATIONAL ARCHIVES	Brigadier General ELEY PARKER DENSON Commanding General \| Seattle Port of Embarkation born August 29, 1884, High Point, North Carolina died February 13, 1970, Falls Church, Virginia
	Colonel JONATHAN H. HOOD Deputy Port Commander Colonel FREDERICK W. TEAGUE Chief of Staff Lieutenant Colonel HENRY J. KLEINHEN Inspector General Lieutenant Colonel DOLPH BARNETT Judge Advocate Lieutenant Colonel ANTHONY F. STECHER Chief of the Troop Movement Division Major IRVING R. CRAWFORD Director of Intelligence and Security Major ROBERT H. MANCHESTER Executive Officer, Intelligence and Security Division

FORT LAWTON

NATIONAL ARCHIVES	Colonel HARRY LEE BRANSON Commander \| Fort Lawton Staging Area born April 18, 1890, Kansas died June 9, 1963, San Francisco, California
	Colonel ALFRED L. BAYLIES Officer in Charge, Command Group Lieutenant Colonel LEO H. BECKLEY Director of Operations Lieutenant Colonel VINCENT P. HEWITT Commander, 7th Army Air Force Base Unit Major ROY DONALD HOISINGTON Executive Officer Major GEORGE H. McNAY Post Engineer Major WILLIAM WALTER OREM Provost Marshal/Director of Intelligence and Security Major JESSE L. HAIRE Commander, Section 3 Captain JAMES W. RUEL Commander, Section 4 Captain ALAN WAYNE CHRISTENSEN Section 4 Liaison to 700 area Captain REINO J. PANULA Director of Administration Captain JACKSON O. HEINE Commanding Officer of Company A, 749th Military Police Battalion

MILITARY POLICE, FORT LAWTON

	Captain MILTON J. CARTER Assistant Provost Marshal/Officer in Charge of Military Police Section and Post Prison
	Staff Sergeant CHARLES M. ROBINSON Staff Sergeant REGIS A. CALLAHAN Sergeant THURMAN M. JONES T/4 CARL A. JOHNSEN Corporal JOHN M. BISCAN Corporal WILLIAM E. RUPLEY T/5 ANDREW DAVID Private First Class GASPER S. DEVITO Private First Class GEORGE E. DUREL Private First Class FLOYD W. POWELL Private First Class JOSEPH P. WINDERL Private JACK BLACK Private ARTHUR S. DUNCAN Private GAVIN F. FULTON Private CLYDE VERNON LOMAX

	Staff Sergeant Charles M Robinson measures site where Guglielmo Olivotto was hung U.S. ARMY JUDICIARY